Ménière’s Disease: What You Need to Know

Ménière’s disease is a rare condition that affects the inner ear and causes sudden episodes of dizziness (vertigo). It can also lead to hearing loss, ringing in the ear (tinnitus), and a feeling of pressure in one ear. While it can be unpredictable, treatments are available to help manage the symptoms.

What Causes It?

Doctors aren’t sure exactly what causes Ménière’s disease, but it may be linked to too much fluid in the inner ear. Some possible triggers include:

• Viral infections
• Immune system problems
• Allergies
• Migraines
• Stress
• Head injuries
• Genetics

Symptoms to Watch For

Ménière’s disease usually affects only one ear. Symptoms come and go, but they tend to get worse over time. Common signs include:

• Sudden episodes of vertigo that last 20 minutes to several hours
• Nausea and vomiting due to severe dizziness
• Trouble balancing
• Hearing loss that may come and go but can become permanent
• Ringing or buzzing in the ear
• A feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear

How It’s Diagnosed

There’s no single test for Ménière’s disease, so doctors rely on a physical exam and several hearing and balance tests, such as:

• Audiometry – Measures hearing ability
• Videonystagmography (VNG) – Checks eye movements to assess balance
• MRI or CT scan – Rules out other conditions affecting the brain

Treatment Options

There’s no cure, but treatments can help control the symptoms:

• Medications – Motion sickness or anti-nausea drugs
• Diet Changes – Reducing salt, caffeine, and alcohol intake
• Therapy – Vestibular rehabilitation to improve balance
• Surgery – In severe cases when other treatments don’t work

Living with Ménière’s Disease

Managing this condition can be challenging, but some lifestyle changes can help:

• Take medications as prescribed
• Avoid driving during vertigo episodes
• Reduce stress and get enough rest
• Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet
• Join support groups to connect with others facing similar challenges

Final Thoughts

If you experience symptoms of Ménière’s disease, talk to a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help you maintain a good quality of life.